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Serving with a co-trustee in Pennsylvania

Many trusts name two or more trustees. This guide explains Pennsylvania's default rules for how co-trustees act together.

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Deciding together

20 Pa.C.S. §7763 provides that co-trustees who do not reach a unanimous decision may act by majority. Where no majority agrees, the court, on petition of a trustee or a party in interest, may direct the exercise or nonexercise of the power as it deems necessary for the trust's best interest, unless the terms provide otherwise. Each co-trustee participates in the trustee's functions unless unavailable or properly delegated.

A vacancy

If a vacancy occurs, the remaining co-trustees may act for the trust (20 Pa.C.S. §7763(b)), and the vacancy need not be filled unless the terms require it; one that must be filled is filled by the person the terms designate, then by the qualified beneficiaries' unanimous written agreement, then by the court (§7764).

Signing for the trust

A certification of trust states the co-trustees' authority to sign and whether all or fewer than all are required to exercise the trustee's powers (20 Pa.C.S. §7790.3(a)(6)). Where a trust director rather than a co-trustee holds a power of direction, the directed trustee follows the director's exercise of it, except to the extent compliance would be willful misconduct (§7780.20).

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  • Cotrustees - UTC 703

    20 Pa.C.S. §7763 ↗

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  • Vacancy in trusteeship; appointment of successor - UTC 704

    20 Pa.C.S. §7764 ↗

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  • Duty and liability of directed trustee - UDTA 9

    20 Pa.C.S. §7780.20 ↗

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  • Certification of trust - UTC 1013

    20 Pa.C.S. §7790.3 ↗

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Kesyon moun poze souvan

Do Pennsylvania co-trustees have to agree unanimously?

No. Co-trustees who do not reach a unanimous decision may act by majority (20 Pa.C.S. §7763(a)).

What if Pennsylvania co-trustees are deadlocked?

Unless the terms provide otherwise, the court, on petition of a trustee or a party in interest, may direct the exercise or nonexercise of the power (20 Pa.C.S. §7763(a.1)).

Can one Pennsylvania co-trustee sign alone?

It depends on the trust's terms; a certification of trust states the co-trustees' authority to sign and whether all or fewer than all are required (20 Pa.C.S. §7790.3(a)(6)).

Sant Aprantisaj la se enfòmasyon jeneral sou lwa Pennsilvani — se pa konsèy legal, e li pa ranplase konsèy yon avoka Pennsilvani ki gen lisans sou reyalite pa ou. TrusteeClear se yon lojisyèl, pa yon kabinè avoka.