Показано на вашем языке как машинный перевод, ожидающий проверки носителем языка. Краткие изложения статутов и оригинал на английском остаются источником записи.
The three systems, in one sentence each
Strict per stirpes — the division always begins at the children’s generation, one share per child living or deceased with descendants living; a deceased child’s share splits among that child’s own descendants. Not Virginia’s statutory default; a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
Per capita with representation — divide at the nearest generation with a surviving member: one share for each survivor there and for each deceased member who left descendants; a deceased member’s share passes down to that member’s own descendants. Virginia’s statutory method for an intestate estate (Va. Code § 64.2-202(A)): the division begins at the closest degree of kinship that has a living heir or a deceased member with surviving descendants.
Per capita at each generation — divide at the nearest generation with survivors; the deceased members’ shares are combined and divided equally among the next generation’s takers, so equally-near relatives take equally. Not Virginia’s statutory default; a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
The same family tree can come out differently under different governing words — which is why the instrument controls. Virginia’s statute defines the method for an intestate estate (Va. Code § 64.2-202(A)) and reduces a half-blood collateral’s share by half (Va. Code § 64.2-202(B)) — a rule this page explains and the calculator does not apply; a trust may define its own scheme or name alternate takers, and reading a particular instrument against the statute is licensed-attorney work. A surviving spouse’s intestate share is the whole estate unless the decedent left descendants who are not the spouse’s, in which case two-thirds passes to the descendants and one-third to the spouse (Va. Code § 64.2-200(A)(1)); the personal estate follows the real estate’s course (Va. Code § 64.2-201); Virginia has no community property of its own, and a surviving spouse’s elective share is a separate question (Va. Code § 64.2-308.3).
Try the arithmetic yourself
Model a family shape — who is living, who left children — and see each system’s exact split. Two generations (children and grandchildren); this is the math of each rule, not a suggestion of which to use.
Child 1
Child 2
- Grandchild 2.1
Child 3
- Grandchild 3.1
- Grandchild 3.2
| Person | Strict per stirpes | Per capita w/ representation (VA default) | UPC per capita at each generation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child 1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) |
| Grandchild 2.1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.1 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.2 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
Arithmetic only — the exact fractions each rule produces for the shape you modeled, with Virginia’s default labeled as the per-capita-with-representation division Va. Code § 64.2-202(A) provides for an intestate estate. The half-blood rule of Va. Code § 64.2-202(B) is explained, not computed. Not advice, and never a statement of which rule YOUR trust uses — the instrument’s own words decide that, and reading them is licensed-attorney work.
Учебный центр — это общая информация о законах Виргинии, а не юридическая консультация и не замена совету лицензированного юриста Виргинии по вашим конкретным фактам. TrusteeClear — это программа, а не юридическая фирма.