Affiché dans votre langue en traduction automatique, en attente de relecture par un locuteur natif. Les résumés des lois et l'original en anglais restent la source de référence.
The three systems, in one sentence each
Strict per stirpes — the division always begins at the children’s generation, one share per child living or deceased with descendants living; a deceased child’s share splits among that child’s own descendants. In Illinois this is the intestate division among descendants (755 ILCS 5/2-1) and the reading of "per stirpes" in a living trust's gift to a deceased descendant (760 ILCS 3/114).
Per capita with representation — divide at the nearest generation with a surviving member: one share for each survivor there and for each deceased member who left descendants; a deceased member’s share passes down to that member’s own descendants. Illinois’s statutes give no instrument phrase this meaning — a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
Per capita at each generation — divide at the nearest generation with survivors; the deceased members’ shares are combined and divided equally among the next generation’s takers, so equally-near relatives take equally. Illinois’s statutes give no instrument phrase this meaning either — a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
The same family tree can come out differently under different governing words — which is why the instrument controls. In Illinois the statutes say "per stirpes" and leave the term to its ordinary legal meaning (755 ILCS 5/2-1; 760 ILCS 3/114); a trust may define its own scheme or name alternate takers, and reading a particular instrument against the statute is licensed-attorney work.
Try the arithmetic yourself
Model a family shape — who is living, who left children — and see each system’s exact split. Two generations (children and grandchildren); this is the math of each rule, not a suggestion of which to use.
Child 1
Child 2
- Grandchild 2.1
Child 3
- Grandchild 3.1
- Grandchild 3.2
| Person | Strict per stirpes (IL default) | Per capita w/ representation | UPC per capita at each generation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child 1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) |
| Grandchild 2.1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.1 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.2 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
Arithmetic only — the exact fractions each rule produces for the shape you modeled, with Illinois’s default labeled as the per stirpes division 755 ILCS 5/2-1 provides for an intestate estate. Not advice, and never a statement of which rule YOUR trust uses — the instrument’s own words decide that, and reading them is licensed-attorney work.
Le Centre d'apprentissage est de l'information générale sur la loi de l'Illinois — pas un avis juridique, ni un substitut aux conseils d'un avocat de l'Illinois agréé sur vos faits précis. TrusteeClear est un logiciel, pas un cabinet.