Affiché dans votre langue en traduction automatique, en attente de relecture par un locuteur natif. Les résumés des lois et l'original en anglais restent la source de référence.
The three systems, in one sentence each
Strict per stirpes — the division always begins at the children’s generation, one share per child living or deceased with descendants living; a deceased child’s share splits among that child’s own descendants. Not Virginia’s statutory default; a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
Per capita with representation — divide at the nearest generation with a surviving member: one share for each survivor there and for each deceased member who left descendants; a deceased member’s share passes down to that member’s own descendants. Virginia’s statutory method for an intestate estate (Va. Code § 64.2-202(A)): the division begins at the closest degree of kinship that has a living heir or a deceased member with surviving descendants.
Per capita at each generation — divide at the nearest generation with survivors; the deceased members’ shares are combined and divided equally among the next generation’s takers, so equally-near relatives take equally. Not Virginia’s statutory default; a trust that wants it says so in its own words.
The same family tree can come out differently under different governing words — which is why the instrument controls. Virginia’s statute defines the method for an intestate estate (Va. Code § 64.2-202(A)) and reduces a half-blood collateral’s share by half (Va. Code § 64.2-202(B)) — a rule this page explains and the calculator does not apply; a trust may define its own scheme or name alternate takers, and reading a particular instrument against the statute is licensed-attorney work. A surviving spouse’s intestate share is the whole estate unless the decedent left descendants who are not the spouse’s, in which case two-thirds passes to the descendants and one-third to the spouse (Va. Code § 64.2-200(A)(1)); the personal estate follows the real estate’s course (Va. Code § 64.2-201); Virginia has no community property of its own, and a surviving spouse’s elective share is a separate question (Va. Code § 64.2-308.3).
Try the arithmetic yourself
Model a family shape — who is living, who left children — and see each system’s exact split. Two generations (children and grandchildren); this is the math of each rule, not a suggestion of which to use.
Child 1
Child 2
- Grandchild 2.1
Child 3
- Grandchild 3.1
- Grandchild 3.2
| Person | Strict per stirpes | Per capita w/ representation (VA default) | UPC per capita at each generation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child 1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) |
| Grandchild 2.1 | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.1 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
| Grandchild 3.2 | 1/6 (16.7%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 2/9 (22.2%) |
Arithmetic only — the exact fractions each rule produces for the shape you modeled, with Virginia’s default labeled as the per-capita-with-representation division Va. Code § 64.2-202(A) provides for an intestate estate. The half-blood rule of Va. Code § 64.2-202(B) is explained, not computed. Not advice, and never a statement of which rule YOUR trust uses — the instrument’s own words decide that, and reading them is licensed-attorney work.
Le Centre d'apprentissage est de l'information générale sur la loi de Virginie — pas un avis juridique, ni un substitut aux conseils d'un avocat de Virginie agréé sur vos faits précis. TrusteeClear est un logiciel, pas un cabinet.