Термины трастов Флориды с определениями

Сверено с законами Флориды 2026-09-09. Общая информация, не юридическая консультация; официальный текст имеет приоритет.

Settlor

The person who creates a trust, by signing the trust instrument and transferring property to it; also called the grantor or trustmaker. While a trust is revocable, the trustee's duties are owed to the settlor alone (§736.0603). Руководство: После подписания вашего траста во Флориде: что дальше

Trustee

The person or institution that holds legal title to the trust property and administers it under the trust's terms and the Florida Trust Code's duties (§§736.0801–736.0817). The word includes an original, additional, cotrustee or successor trustee (§736.0103). Руководство: Обязанности правопреемника-попечителя во Флориде после смерти

Successor trustee

The trustee named to take over when the original trustee dies, resigns, is removed or can no longer serve. A successor accepts under §736.0701 and, on accepting, holds the same duties and powers as the original trustee. Руководство: Правопреемник-попечитель во Флориде: принятие роли

Beneficiary

A person who has a present or future beneficial interest in a trust, vested or contingent, or who holds a power of appointment over trust property in a capacity other than trustee (§736.0103).

Qualified beneficiary

A living beneficiary who, on the date in question, is a distributee or permissible distributee of trust income or principal, or would be one if the current distributees' interests ended or the trust terminated on that date (§736.0103). The notices and accountings of §736.0813 go to the qualified beneficiaries. Руководство: Уведомление бенефициаров траста во Флориде

Revocable trust

A trust the settlor can revoke or amend during life (§736.0602). It becomes irrevocable at the settlor's death, when the beneficiaries' rights begin; the ordinary Florida living trust is revocable. Руководство: Отзывный прижизненный траст во Флориде

Irrevocable trust

A trust the settlor cannot revoke or amend, either because it was created that way or because the settlor has died. The trustee of an irrevocable trust owes the qualified beneficiaries the information and accounting duties of §736.0813. Руководство: Безотзывный траст во Флориде: объяснение

Trust instrument

The signed writing that creates the trust and states its terms, including any amendments (§736.0103). Its testamentary aspects must have been executed with the formalities of a will (§736.0403(2)(b)).

Pour-over will

A will that devises the testator's remaining probate property to the trustee of an existing trust, so that anything left outside the trust is carried into it after probate (§732.513). Руководство: После подписания вашего завещания во Флориде: что дальше

Certification of trust

A signed statement a trustee may furnish instead of the trust instrument, stating that the trust exists and its date, the settlor, the trustee, the trustee's powers, whether the trust is revocable, how cotrustees act, and how title is held (§736.1017). A recipient may rely on it without seeing the dispositive terms. Руководство: Полномочия попечителя во Флориде (§736.0816)

Notice of trust

The short court filing a trustee makes when the settlor of a revocable trust dies, stating the settlor's name and date of death, the trust's title and date, and the trustee's name and address (§736.05055). It tells creditors and the court that the trust exists; it is not the notice to beneficiaries. Руководство: Уведомление о трасте во Флориде (§736.05055)

Trust accounting

The reasonably understandable report a trustee gives each qualified beneficiary at least annually, on termination and on a change of trustee, showing the period's receipts and disbursements, gains and losses, assets on hand with values, liabilities, compensation, and the allocation between income and principal (§736.0813(1)(d), §736.08135). Руководство: Требования к отчётности траста во Флориде

Trust disclosure document

A trust accounting, or any other written report of the trustee, that adequately discloses a matter; it starts the limitations period of §736.1008 for that matter, and six-month bar when a limitation notice accompanies it. Руководство: Требования к отчётности траста во Флориде

Limitation notice

The trustee's written statement, sent with a trust disclosure document, that a claim for breach of trust on a matter the document adequately discloses may be barred unless brought within six months after receipt (§736.1008). Руководство: Требования к отчётности траста во Флориде

Fiduciary duty

The obligations a trustee owes the beneficiaries: to administer in good faith (§736.0801), with loyalty (§736.0802), impartiality (§736.0803), prudence (§736.0804), reasonable costs (§736.0805), care in delegation (§736.0807), control and protection of the property (§736.0809), records (§736.0810), and information (§736.0813). Руководство: Обязанности правопреемника-попечителя во Флориде после смерти

Breach of trust

A violation by the trustee of a duty owed to a beneficiary. The remedies include compelling performance, enjoining the breach, surcharge, an accounting, reduced compensation and removal (§736.1001), with damages under §736.1002. Руководство: Беспристрастность попечителя и споры во Флориде

Surcharge

A court's order that a trustee personally pay the trust for a loss caused by a breach, or disgorge a profit made from it (§736.1002).

Spendthrift provision

A term restraining both voluntary and involuntary transfer of a beneficiary's interest, so that a creditor cannot reach the interest before distribution (§736.0502), subject to the exceptions of §736.0503 such as child support. Руководство: Виды трастов во Флориде

Discretionary distribution

A distribution the trust leaves to the trustee's judgment. However broad the discretion, the trustee exercises it in good faith and in accordance with the trust's terms and purposes (§736.0814); a creditor cannot compel it (§736.0504). Руководство: Полномочия попечителя во Флориде (§736.0816)

Ascertainable standard

A standard for distributions tied to a beneficiary's health, education, maintenance or support. A trustee who is also a beneficiary may distribute to himself or herself only within such a standard unless the trust expressly provides otherwise (§736.0814(2)). Руководство: Полномочия попечителя во Флориде (§736.0816)

Principal and income

The two accounts a trust keeps: principal is the property held for the remainder beneficiaries; income is what the property earns for the current beneficiaries. Florida's principal and income rules in chapter 738 decide how each receipt and expense is allocated. Руководство: Требования к отчётности траста во Флориде

Per stirpes

A method of dividing a share among a deceased beneficiary's descendants by the branches of the family, each branch taking the share its ancestor would have taken; Florida's default for descendants (§732.104). Руководство: Калькулятор per stirpes для попечителей Флориды

Homestead

The Florida residence of a person and family, protected by the constitution from most creditors and from being devised away from a surviving spouse or minor child (§732.401, §732.4015). A revocable trust holding a homestead does not change those rules. Руководство: Homestead во Флориде после смерти: наследование, завещание и трасты

Personal representative

Florida's term for the executor or administrator of a probate estate, appointed by the court and issued letters of administration; must be a Florida resident or a close relative of the decedent (§§733.302–733.304). Руководство: Пробейт во Флориде: объяснение

Probate

The court process that proves a will, appoints the personal representative, gives notice to creditors, and distributes property the decedent owned in an individual name without a beneficiary designation (chapter 733). Trust property and property passing by designation are outside it. Руководство: Пробейт во Флориде: объяснение

Summary administration

The shortened probate available when the probate assets are worth $75,000 or less, or the decedent has been dead more than two years (§735.201). Руководство: Пробейт во Флориде: объяснение

Creditor period

The time creditors have to bring claims against a decedent: two years after death whether or not probate was opened (§733.710), shortened to three months after the personal representative first publishes a notice to creditors, and 30 days after service on a known creditor (§733.702). Руководство: Правопреемник-попечитель после смерти во Флориде: первые шаги

Reserve

The portion of trust property a trustee holds back at termination for debts, expenses and taxes before distributing the rest; §736.0817 has the trustee distribute expeditiously subject to a reasonable reserve. Руководство: Прекращение траста во Флориде: завершающие шаги попечителя

Nonjudicial settlement agreement

A written agreement among the interested persons resolving a trust matter a court could approve — an accounting, a trustee's resignation or compensation, a modification — without a court proceeding, so long as it does not violate a material purpose of the trust (§736.0111). Руководство: Беспристрастность попечителя и споры во Флориде

Decanting

A trustee's exercise of a power to invade principal by appointing the property to a second trust for the same beneficiaries, within the limits and with the notice §736.04117 requires.

Representation

The rules under which one person receives notice or gives consent for another — a parent for a minor child, a guardian for a ward, a person with a substantially identical interest — when no conflict of interest exists (§§736.0301–736.0306). Руководство: Уведомление бенефициаров траста во Флориде

Cotrustee

One of two or more trustees serving together. Cotrustees who cannot agree act by majority; a cotrustee who records a dissent is generally not liable for the majority's act; each must prevent a serious breach by another (§736.0703). Руководство: Сопопечители во Флориде (§736.0703)

Prudent investor rule

The investment standard for Florida fiduciaries: invest and manage as a prudent investor would, considering the trust's purposes, terms and circumstances, with diversification unless the purposes are better served without it, and review the assets within a reasonable time after accepting (§518.11, applied by §736.0901). Руководство: Разумное администрирование траста во Флориде

Employer identification number (EIN)

The federal tax identification number an irrevocable trust obtains from the IRS (Form SS-4) once it becomes a separate taxpayer at the settlor's death; the trust files Form 1041 under it and the trust account is opened with it. Руководство: Правопреемник-попечитель после смерти во Флориде: первые шаги

Schedule K-1

The federal form a trust issues to each beneficiary who received distributable income for the year, reporting the beneficiary's share of the trust's income for the beneficiary's own return; it accompanies the trust's Form 1041. Руководство: Требования к отчётности траста во Флориде

Portability

The federal election that lets a surviving spouse use a deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion; it is made on a timely federal estate tax return, Form 706, even when no tax is due. Руководство: Правопреемник-попечитель после смерти во Флориде: первые шаги